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Exercise can reduce risk of falls in older people
Falls are a serious health concern in the United States. More than 90% of fall-related hip fractures are associated with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a
silent disease that gradually weakens the bones, thus making the bones susceptible to fracture. For many older people, the first sign they have weakened bones is a fracture. Therefore, early detection of
osteoporosis is critical. One study reported that 75% of women 45-75 years old have never discussed osteoporosis with their doctor. Once a person is diagnosed with osteoporosis and treatment begins, the next step is
to reduce the risk of falling.
According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, each year about 1/2 of all people over the age of 65 experiences a fall which may result in a fracture of
the hip or wrist. There are multiple factors which increase the risk of falling. Examples include taking greater than four medications, poor vision, household hazards and inactivity. Inactivity results in muscle
weakness, loss of flexibility and impaired balance. Fear of falling often occurs as a person gets weaker and "feels unsteady" on his or her feet. As a person modifies activities to feel safe, he or she may
find it is increasingly difficult to balance with simple tasks such as standing up from a chair.
Beginning an exercise program that includes strengthening, flexibility and balance training can reduce the risk of falling and sustaining a fall-related
fracture. A study published in the Journal of American Geriatric Society found after 15 weeks of Tai Chi, the risk of multiple falls was decreased by 47.5%. Another study in Age and Aging found that after a weekly
exercise program, participants improved their balance, strength, reaction time, walking speed and reduced the risk of falling by 40%.
Before beginning an exercise program, consult your physician. Once you are cleared to start exercising, consult an exercise specialist such as a physical
therapist for exercise guidelines. Skyline Hospital Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine offers group and individualized exercise programs. The group program is called Lifestyles In Balance. (link to
brochure). If you have any questions, you can e-mail us at or call us at 509 493 1101.
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